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In the United States, Pullman was used to refer to railroad sleeping cars which were built and operated on most U.S. railroads by the Pullman Company (founded by George Pullman) from 1867 to December 31, 1968. It also refers to railway dining cars in Europe that were operated by the Pullman Company, or lounge cars operated by the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits. Specifically, in Great Britain, ''Pullman'' refers to the lounge cars operated by the British Pullman Car Company. The nickname ''Pullman coach'' was used in some European cities for the first long (four-axle) electric tramcars whose appearance resembled the Pullman railway cars and which were usually more comfortable than their predessors. Such coaches () ran in Kiev since 1907〔Stefan Mashkevich. (Pullman, the first four-axle car in Kiev )〕〔Ю.Ю. Струк (ред.). Киевский трамвай за сорок лет (1892-1932). Киевский коммунальный трамвайный трест, 1933, p. (63 ) (in Russian)〕 and in Odessa since 1912.〔(История Одесского трамвая ) (in Russian)〕 Since 1920s tramcars nicknamed ''Pullmanwagen'' in German ran in Leipzig, Cologne, Frankfurt and Zurich.〔Hans Bodmer. ''Das Tram in Zürich, 1928 bis 1962''. p. 11 (in German)〕 In some Western European countries in the 1940s and 1950s, some especially luxurious motor coaches were sometimes referred to as ''Auto-Pullmans''. In 1963, the luxurious Mercedes-Benz 600 was introduced, with a range including a long wheelbase version called ''Pullman''. Later, stretched versions of regular Mercedes-Benz S-Class cars were also called ''Pullman''. In Greek and Italian, the word "pullman" is used to refer to a coach bus. In Greek, it would be spelled as "πούλμαν". In Latin America, ''pullman'' may refer to a luxury bus as well as to a railroad sleeping car. In the video game ''Sid Meier's Railroads!'', Players can bid on the "Pullman's Palace Car" patent. This patent makes "Passengers pay an extra 25% to bask in its comfort." ==See also== * * Pullman loaf, a type of long, square bread developed to be baked in the small kitchens of rail cars * ''Starlight Express'', a train musical in which two characters are modeled on a Pullman. * Clerestory#Transportation, Railway Coach roof design following the Pullman American influence. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pullman (car or coach)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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